Glossary

Elbow dysplasia

A group of developmental problems in the elbow joint that cause front-leg lameness, usually starting in young, fast-growing large-breed dogs.

Also called: ED, canine elbow dysplasia, elbow malformation, front leg lameness in puppies

Elbow dysplasia is an umbrella name for several growth abnormalities in the elbow, where three bones must fit together precisely. When they do not, the joint is stressed, cartilage is damaged and arthritis develops over time. The conditions in the group include a fragmented coronoid process, an ununited anconeal process and cartilage flaking in the joint.

It mostly affects medium, large and giant breeds, including the Rottweiler and Bernese Mountain Dog. The first sign is often a front-leg limp or stiffness in a growing dog, often before one year old, usually worse after rest or exercise. Both elbows are often involved.

Diagnosis needs X-rays, and sometimes advanced imaging, so see a vet for any young dog that limps on a front leg. Breeders may screen parents with elbow X-rays.

Last reviewed November 8, 2026

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Related terms

Hip dysplasia An inherited, developmental malformation of the hip joint in which the ball and socket fit loosely, leading to wear and arthritis. Osteoarthritis A long-term, painful wearing down of joint cartilage that causes stiffness and reluctance to move, common in older and overweight dogs. X-ray An imaging test that uses a small amount of radiation to show a dog's bones, chest and belly organs.