Glossary

X-ray

An imaging test that uses a small amount of radiation to show a dog's bones, chest and belly organs.

Also called: radiograph, radiography, dog x-rays, chest x-ray, dog radiographs

An X-ray, or radiograph, is a picture made when a small dose of radiation passes through the body. Dense tissue such as bone looks white, air in the lungs looks black and soft tissue appears in gray tones. Vets use X-rays to look at fractures, joints, the chest and heart, the stomach and intestines, bladder stones and swallowed objects.

Because the animal must be completely still and correctly positioned, many dogs need sedation, especially for hip, elbow and spine views and when a dog is in pain. The procedure itself is quick and painless, and in most cases two views are taken.

X-rays show bones well but soft tissue less so, which is why ultrasound is often used with them. Breeders may X-ray hips and elbows for screening. Staff step out of the room to limit their own exposure.

Last reviewed November 8, 2026

In the index now

Related terms

Ultrasound A real-time imaging test that uses sound waves to show a dog's organs, heart and pregnancy without radiation. Hip dysplasia An inherited, developmental malformation of the hip joint in which the ball and socket fit loosely, leading to wear and arthritis. Anesthesia A medically induced, controlled loss of consciousness for surgery, dental cleaning or imaging, with monitoring throughout. Biopsy The removal of a small piece of tissue, or a sample of cells, for examination under a microscope to find out what a lump or abnormal tissue is.