Glossary

Osteoarthritis

A long-term, painful wearing down of joint cartilage that causes stiffness and reluctance to move, common in older and overweight dogs.

Also called: arthritis in dogs, degenerative joint disease, DJD, canine arthritis, stiff joints

Osteoarthritis is a progressive joint disease in which smooth cartilage thins, bone changes and the joint becomes inflamed and sore. It is very common, affecting a large share of older dogs, and often follows joint problems such as hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia or a cruciate ligament tear.

Dogs hide pain, so look for subtle changes. A dog may be slow to get up, stiff after rest, reluctant to jump into the car or climb stairs, lag on walks, lick a joint or become irritable when touched.

Keeping a dog lean is one of the most effective steps, since extra weight loads the joints. A veterinarian can examine and X-ray the joints and advise on safe pain relief and activity. Never give human painkillers, as several are toxic to dogs.

Last reviewed November 8, 2026

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Related terms

Hip dysplasia An inherited, developmental malformation of the hip joint in which the ball and socket fit loosely, leading to wear and arthritis. Glucosamine A supplement, often paired with chondroitin, sold to support joint cartilage; evidence of benefit in dogs is mixed and product quality varies. Obesity Excess body fat that shortens lives and raises the risk of arthritis, diabetes and other disease; it is the most common nutrition problem in pet dogs. Omega-3 fatty acids Fats, especially EPA and DHA from fish oil, that may calm inflammation and support skin, joints, heart and brain; the right amount is a vet decision.