Glossary

Dominance

A term that properly describes a relationship in which one animal gets priority over a resource, not a personality trait or a reason for a dog's behavior.

Also called: dominance myth, dominant dog, dominance theory, alpha roll, dominance training

In animal behavior, dominance describes how two animals settle who gets access to a particular resource, such as food or a resting spot. It does not describe a dog's whole character. Calling a dog "dominant" because it pulls on the leash or jumps up misreads normal behavior, which is usually just learned or excited.

The American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior has stated that dominance explanations for most behavior problems are not helpful. Techniques built on them, such as the alpha roll, scruff shaking or staring a dog down, can raise fear and aggression and damage trust.

Dogs do not try to take over their households. A dog that guards, pulls or ignores cues needs a closer look at its needs, training and health, usually with a qualified trainer or behaviorist.

Last reviewed November 8, 2026

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Related terms

Pack theory The outdated idea that dogs live in strict wolf-style packs in which an owner must be the alpha to avoid being dominated. Aversive Anything a dog wants to avoid, from a leash pop or shock to a loud noise, when used to change behavior. Force-free A training approach that avoids pain, fear and intimidation and teaches dogs with rewards, patience and good management. Resource guarding A dog's tendency to protect food, toys, places or people from others by stiffening, growling, snapping or biting.