Glossary
Dental disease
Plaque, tartar and gum infection that damage a dog's teeth and supporting bone; it is the most common health problem vets find in adult dogs.
Also called: periodontal disease, gum disease, plaque and tartar, dog dental care, bad breath in dogs, dog teeth cleaning
Dental disease, usually periodontal disease, starts when plaque on the teeth hardens into tartar and bacteria inflame the gums. Over time the infection destroys the tissue and bone that hold the teeth, which can loosen teeth and form abscesses. Bad breath is the most common early sign, and drooling, red gums, dropping food, pawing at the mouth or a smaller appetite follow.
Most dogs show some signs by about age three, and small breeds are hit early. Bacteria from the mouth can also reach the heart, kidneys and liver.
A veterinarian can only judge below the gumline with dental X-rays, and a proper professional cleaning is done under anesthesia, since a dog will not hold still. Brushing daily is the best home care, and products carrying a veterinary dental council seal have been tested.
Last reviewed November 8, 2026