Glossary

Calorie

The unit of energy in food; dog food labels list kilocalories per cup or kilogram, which is how portions and weight are controlled.

Also called: calories, kcal, kilocalorie, calorie count, daily calories, metabolizable energy, ME

A calorie on a pet food label is really a kilocalorie, or kcal, a measure of metabolizable energy. In the US, labels list kcal per kilogram and per cup or can. Dogs need different amounts according to size, age, activity, neuter status and metabolism.

The feeding guide on the bag is only a starting point. Weigh the dog and check body condition every few weeks, then adjust the amount with your vet. Measure portions with a scale or a proper measuring cup, not a scoop.

Treats count. A common vet guideline is to keep treats and extras to around ten percent of daily calories and reduce meals to match. Calorie density varies between foods, so switch carefully.

Last reviewed November 8, 2026

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Related terms

Obesity Excess body fat that shortens lives and raises the risk of arthritis, diabetes and other disease; it is the most common nutrition problem in pet dogs. Body condition score A hands-on rating of how lean or fat a dog is on a 9-point scale, more reliable than weight alone, with 4 or 5 as ideal. Life stage The category on a dog food label, such as growth, adult maintenance or all life stages, that shows the nutrient needs the recipe is designed to meet. Kibble Dry, cooked, bite-size pieces of dog food, usually made by extrusion, that are shelf-stable, convenient and the most common way to feed dogs.